Newly unveiled prostate cancer's 'Rosetta Stone' paves way for targeted drugs
Washington, May 22 (ANI): A team of scientists has unveiled a comprehensive genetic map of advanced prostate cancer, hailing it as the disease's "Rosetta Stone." The landmark study reveals that almost 90 per cent of men with advanced prostate cancer carry genetic mutations in their tumours that could be targeted by either existing or new cancer drugs. The Institute of Cancer Research scientists say that doctors could now start testing for these 'clinically actionable' mutations and give patients with advanced prostate cancer existing drugs or drug combinations targeted at these specific genomic aberrations in their cancers. Researchers analysed the genetic codes of metastatic tumours from the bone, soft tissues, lymph nodes and liver of 150 patients with advanced prostate cancer. Nearly two thirds of the men in the study had mutations in a molecule that interacts with the male hormone androgen which is targeted by current standard treatments - potentially opening up new avenues for hormone therapy. Mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes - most famous for their roles in breast cancer - were found in nearly 20 per cent of patients. Recent work at has shown that these patients can be treated effectively by drugs called PARP inhibitors. Researchers also discovered new mutations, never detected before in prostate cancer, but which do occur in other cancers. These include mutations in the PI3K and RAF gene families which can also be targeted by existing drugs, either currently in trials or approved for use in the clinic. Johann de Bono said that the study shines new light on the genetic complexity of prostate cancer as it develops and spreads, revealing it to be not a single disease, but many diseases each driven by their own set of mutations. He added that what is hugely encouraging is that many of the key mutations they have identified are ones targeted by existing cancer drugs, meaning that they could be entering a new era of personalised cancer treatment. The research is published in the major scientific journal Cell. (ANI)
